Project Management Organizational Structures Paper Research

Project Management Organizational Structures - Research Paper ExampleEach form of organisational construction has its strengths and weaknesses, and is able to handle particular hurls establish on the context.Functional organizational structure involves divisions based on major usable areas such as marketing, finance, human resource, manufacturing, and so on (Meredith and Mantel, 2012). Functional organizational allows flexibility in staff planning and resource allocation because operative divisions can act as the administrative base for a project. Further the functional unit may be narrow down to tackle the project thereby providing the technical expertise required to successfully complete the project. Additionally functional structure allows the technical expertise and know-how to be concentrated in the units and hence available to work on different projects. The staff can be shifted from one project to another while the functional division continues to provide a pool of experie nces and specialized staff (Meredith and Mantel, 2012). The functional division acts as the center of specialists which ensures availability of specialized staff to work on different projects. The presence of experienced staff excessively enables the relevant expertise to be channeled into the project for successful execution and boundary of the project. Lastly, the functional organizational structure organizes the specialists in a unit so that the arrangement not only helps in project execution but also in the advancement of the appropriate talent.A downside to functional organizational form is that it puts clients at the backseat. Often client interests are not the focus but functional units focus more on the work and how the expert staff is allocated to the projects (Meredith and Mantel, 2012). This sometimes leads to client interests to be ignored. The fact that the functional organizational form deals with functional areas path that the form is more inclined towards the acti vities involved in the project completion. It is

Interview 335 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview 335 - Essay Examplefew Indians among other members from the European continent together making a total of about 40 two tribes with the Kikuyu community being of the largest group occupying the central parts of the country and the El- mole people living around the shores of one of the great rift vale lakes, lake Turkana, are the smallest tribe. Kenya is among the few in the world which houses the Great Rift Valley, a broad natural feature which laterally transect the country into two on the easterly and the western sides of the rift valley. This paper will present the findings of an interview I carried out with one of the Kenyan citizens in America on how far they provoke gained the awareness and skills in dealing with global diversity and cultural variances as well as my cultivation in understanding of technologys impact on the development of world societies and cultures based on the interviews.Kenya is among the developing countries of the world just emerging from the f ierce throngs of economic dismay since independence. Most people in the country so have poor economic backgrounds with only a few rich families dotted amidst the poor majority. Like any other poor countries in Africa and the world, riches in Kenya is contained just in the hands of a few people who are considered rich while the rest are languishing in abject scantiness with a majority of the populations living under the wages which are below one dollar per day. The main economic activity carried out in the theatrical role and from which most families earn their daily wages is agriculture, mostly sedentary, which forms the backbone of the countrys economy. Most people therefore depend entirely on their bring up produce as the sole source of their everyday food and which supplement their meager income sources. Most of the needs in most families are therefore met from the gross sales of agricultural produce. A few people practice business as an alternative source of income, mainly among the Indians who depend entirely on business

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 64

Essay Examples paper describes the characteristics of Dinoflagellates (causative Phytoplankton Species), including the symptoms of diseases it causes, and the treatment methods available for those diseases.Dinoflagellate is an distinguished group of microorganisms, and they play significant roles in the ecosystem they are found. For instance, primary production of coral reef ecosystem is promoted by symbiotic Dinoflagellates, and this process is referred to as coral bleaching (Toms, 1996). In addition, red tides arise from the blooming of the planktonic Dinoflagellates. Dinoflagellates have thecal plates within their cell corticles. The thecal plates are fabricated biologically into various shapes, which are made of high cellulose. collectible to the high transparent properties, thecal plates are composed of mechanical properties, which are similar to soft wood cell wall that performs the role of protecting cell application (Toms, 1996).Dinaflagellates are protozoans, and their ca rrier agents, shellfish, are poisonous to the human body eating such shellfish causes numbness which spreads to the neck and face after five to xxx minutes of consumption. This causes difficulty in swallowing, incoherence or complete loss of speech, and within three to twelve hours after consumption, complete paralysis may occur, and this leads to winking death due to lack of ventillatory support. Other symptoms include diarrhea, amnesia, vomiting, headache, change in the pupil size, alternation of the reflexes and vomiting (Toms, 1996).The animals affected should be subjected to artificial respiration, while human beings film ventillatory support, which can prevent deaths of up to seventy percent of those severely affected people within duration of twelve hours (Toms, 1996). As with many of causative noxious diseases, the initials are tips of iceberg. This requires the public to report to public health authorities concerned to prevent further spread of the disease. The most eff ective way to

Education and equality of opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education and par of prospect - Essay ExampleEquality of opportunity in UKs higher gentility system is provided for by the transparency practices observed during admissions (Schuetze & Slowey, 2013, p.269). The higher education admissions boards shun discriminatory practices when selecting and admitting students in higher learning institutions. This practice is consistent with the legal provisions that enforce full to education. In other words, gender, class, age, ethnicity, faith, disability, wealth, and sexual orientation are not the determining factors for admissions purposes (Brunswick, 2012, p.183). However, this does not rule out the occurrence of discriminatory practices in the UK education system. Cases of mischance to admit qualified students have been reported, thereby raising concerns about the extent to which UK higher education system provides for equality of opportunity (HEFCE, 2008).The UK education sector is characterized by a large number of foreign student popu lations. It is important to note that the admission of foreign students in higher learning institutions is done in bend with the available opportunities. Given this the high number of foreign students in the UK, it is undoubtedly true to conclude that the UK system has diversified its education opportunities. As result, equality of opportunity is not only provided to the locals, but also to the international student population.Merit is a vital factor that influences student enrolment in the UK higher education system. Whilst the system has been said to operate on a for-merit basis, the reliability, relevance, and validity of the process have been challenged (Parry, 2007, p.104). This follows concerns about the exact factors and variables that define merit. In regard to the merit factor, the equality of opportunity prospect has been more or less jeopardized. Notably, the admissions system works towards minimizing or alleviating

ECONOMICS AND GOVERNEMNT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECONOMICS AND GOVERNEMNT - Assignment ExampleThe federal administrations other transfers include Equalization and Territorial Formula Financing programs which help less prosperous provinces and territories. These provinces have comparable levels of taxation as other more(prenominal) prosperous provinces. and then raising tax rates is not feasible.5. The Great Depression was decade-long economic downturn that was witnessed by practic eithery every country of the world. It is considered to be the deepest depression of the 20th century. The long contraction and agonizingly sluggish highlighted the need for an expanded role for government. Hence the Great Depression is linked to the growth of government in the developed world.6. If the prices are right, people will respond correctly indicates that if people feel the payment that they will shell out for a carrefour or service brings in commensurate benefits to them and is thus of value to them, they will go ahead and buy that product or service. Thus right here means fair and correctly refers to the decision to buy.7. Global warming refers to the constant warming up of the Earths atmosphere due to increase in the levels of the greenhouse gases. This increase in temperature has occurred as humans continue to use more and more fossil fuels in their day to day lives. While this drill helps in business and trade, there is a cost involved, cost that neither the buyer nor the seller bears, but we as a nation (for that matter, the World) collectively bear. Thus global warming or climate change can be termed as one of the biggest market failures as the market forces did not allocate scantily resources to generate the greatest social welfare.Failure to adopt stringent emissions reduction targets, excessive deforestation, adoption of technology at the expense of the environment are all market failures relevant to the problem of global climate change and relate to the world-level policy failure regarding global warming. To correct the problem, the world has

Research Paper - Real Estate Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

- Real Estate - Research Paper ExampleThe type of information to be considered includes location, medium of transport, etc. Sources of risks include radon emissions, grow water, soil, and air. The perception of risk is affected by five critical cycles. The health risk cycle involves publication of the initial study which links specific environmental contaminants with a given health effect. The remediation cycle involves seeking information on how to remediate or reduce the risk. Thirdly, public relations cycle involves produce the risk effects in popular press. The regulatory stage involves lawmakers and regulators responding to public concerns about the environmental risks. Lastly, the lending cycle ends with the lending community reacting to the environmental risk. environmental assessment has also been enhanced since 1986. Lenders can gather information about environmental conditions that whitethorn affect mortgage loan security. Inclusion of property in federal superfund regula tions impacts on the value of property. Significant market stigma may be caused by such regulations. Contamination such as contaminated aquifer may affect current use by limiting the best and highest use of the property. Contamination also affects the surrounding uses e.g. property close to a landfill may be affected by landfill risk.In the real world, environmental conservationists and governments use the information to locate potential environmental hazards such as landfills near properties of low value. The creditworthy regulators and government institutions also use the impacts to create an enabling environment where the best and highest current uses of land can be achieved by minimizing

Mia philippines Essay Example for Free

Mia philippines EssayThe Philippines was first put on the map by Portuguese adventurer Magellan working for the Spanish mass on March 16, 1521. The Philippines had become a Spanish colony and was the first expanse to be named after a sovereign, Phillip II of Spain.1 Spanish rule had continue until 1898 when the Philippines had become an American colony following the Spanish-American War for the stately sum of $20 million. In 1942 during WWII, the Philippines had fallen under Japanese occupation and was liberated by American and Filipino forces under the leadership of General Douglas MacArthur in a fiercely contested battle that raged on between 1944 and 1945. The Philippines had attained its independence on July 4, 1946, and had a functioning democratic system.2 The Philippines Archipelago consisted of 7,100 islands, covering an orbit of 299,735 square kilometers and was slightly larger than Arizona. The capital city of Manila was situated on the largest Philippine island of Luzon (see indicate 1). The Philippines had a gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of $3,400.3 The percentage of the population of the Philippines living below US$2 a day was 45.2 per cent in 2006.4PHILIPPINE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTResearch conducted in 2009 showed that the Philippines was ranked 140th for ease of doing business and 155th for jump a business, out of a occur of 178 countries. It took on average 15 procedures and a total of 52 days to complete business startup procedures in the Philippines compared to six procedures and 44.2 days and 5.8 procedures and 13.4 days for the comparable process in Asia and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, respectively.5 The Philippines had the second lowest savings and investment as share of GDP ratio in Asia6 (see Exhibit 2).PHILIPPINE FISHING INDUSTRYThe Philippines has total territorial waters of 2.2 million square kilometers, of which coastal waters comprise 266,000 square kilometers and coast al reef area (10 to 20 fathoms deep, where reef sport leaning takes place) comprise 27,000 square kilometers.7In 2003, the Philippines ranked eighth among the top fish-producing countries in the world with its total production of 3.62 million mensurable tons of fish, crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic plants (including seaweed). The production constituted 2.5 per cent of the total world production of 146.27 million metric tons.8The fishing industrys contribution to the countrys GDP was 2.3 per cent and 4.2 per cent, at current and constant prices, respectively. The industry employed a total of 1,614,368 fishing operators nationwide,9 of which the artisanal fisheries sector accounted for 1,371,676.10 Artisanal fishing operations were typically family-based and used smaller craft. There were a total of 469,807 fishing boats in the Philippines, of which 292,180 were non-motorized and 177,627 were motorized.11 Fish was not only an important source of nutrition, but as fishing did not re quire landownership or special permits it was an employment of last resort for people who had no other means of subsistence.MIA, DENMARKMIA was established in Denmark in 1975 by wealthy businessman Hagen Nordstrom, who dedicated the NGO to his wife Mia and made fighting poverty his lifes work. (MIA stood for beloved in Danish.) MIA had initially focused exclusively on poverty-alleviating projects in Africa and had expanded its operations to Latin America and the Caribbean only in the early 1990s.The grandson of Nordstrom, Gillis Nordstrom, had taken over as MIA hot seat in 2004 on the eve of the Bander Aceh Tsunami of December 26, 2004, which devastated Southeast Asia and killed as many as 130,000 people.12 Nordstrom had taken initiative and redirected MIA to focus on disaster recovery and poverty alleviation projects in Southeast Asia.MIA had established an office in Manila in January 2006, and the young Danish development economist Borje Petersen was hired to manage the MIA Phil ippines office. Petersen was paid a starting salary of $75,000 a year plus housing, slightly below average for a comparable development economist position. Petersen knew that MIAs attention was focused on Indonesia and Malaysia, which had been the hardest hit by the tsunami, and was anxious to carve out a position for MIA Philippines by designing an exceptional project.As the expansion into Asia was the pet project of MIAs chairman, Petersen felt assured that funding would be easily appropriated and even expedited. Petersen knew that the average overseas posting for a development economist for MIA was two years and had promptly established contact with local and international stakeholders and set up numerous meetings with large development project counterparts such as the Asian Development Bank, the public Bank and the German development aid organization GFZ to get an expedited understanding of the Philippines and its unique needs.Based on the initial search, Petersen had decided that, whereas an agricultural project would be feasible, it would take a long time to realize and the outcome could be complicated given the Philippines proneness to be hit by typhoons. Petersens research had revealed that small-scale aquaculture projects had been successfully implemented in the Philippines in the past. However, there were hardly any projects to speak of directed at artisanal fishing and picking up on the vested opportunity and his desire to deliver fast results and prove himself worthy of the task that MIA and its chairman demanded, he had chosen to design a project helping artisanal fishermen.Petersen had researched the happening of helping a fishing colonisation close to Manila and the search for the ideal village had come to a successful ending when MIAs driver, Vicente Tubo, had mentioned how somewhat of his distant cousins fished for a living in a fishing village seven to nine hours by car from Manila. A factfinding mission to the village Barangay San Hago n was undertaken and the village was thus chosen as the beneficiary of MIAs pilot project in the Philippines.BARANGAY SAN HAGONBarangay San Hagon boasted 125 households and had a resident population of625. San Hagon lay on the southeastern coast of Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines. The Barangay was the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and stemmed from the Spanish Barrio.13 Barangay San Hagon was administered by a local government unit (LGU) and consisted of seven Barangay council members and a chairman. The chairman of Barangay San Hagon was Rafael Buenaventura, age 59, who had held office for more than a decade. Fishing villages in the Philippines were very vulnerable to external risk, especially natural calamities such as typhoons, flooding and fish kills, which severely affected their financial situation.

Research on Hybrid Cars Essay Example for Free

Research on cross Cars EssayI. Introduction ? Overview Of The Project This project is based on the in style(p) technology in simple machine ( gondola simple machine) manu situationure- HYBRID TECHNOLOGY. In this project we atomic number 18 going to discuss intimately the hybridisation technology in automobiles, the impact of hybrid technology on Indian automobile (car) industry, the companies which make adopted and valueed by dint of this technology and the findings the conclusion. ? crossbreed Technology A hybrid fomite is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct index number sources to move the vehicle. Power sources include ? On-board or out-board rechargeable zilch storage system (RESS) ?Gasoline or Diesel fuel ? Hydrogen ? Compressed air ? Human powered e. g. pedaling or rowing ? Wind ? Compressed or liquefied natural grease-gun ? Solar ? Coal, wood or other solid combustibles The term intimately commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), whi ch combine an internal blaze locomotive engine and adept or more electric takes. ? HYBRID CARS hybridisation cars argon one among the promising types of new generation cars. In the present era, the motor vehicle industry is going through a transition phase, which is to meet the pace of the growing area.Cars atomic number 18 now become inevitable assistants for the travel and it is not uncommon to have 2 or 3 cars in a home. And, motor vehicles are now facing the next generation problems of the unoriginal cars. Moreover, many environmental and force utilization issues are coming cross. Hybrid cars are buzz awayed with an intention to answer more of these questions, and the success of it in the road make it a best-loved choice of many. Although any car, which has a combination of two antithetical ideas apprize be called as a hybrid, save the cars, which combine two brawniness sources for its caterpillar tread is popularly named as hybrid car.To be simple, the convent ional cars run on a single fuel source such as accelerator pedal, petrol and diesel. The postal code efficiency of the cars was insufficient to meet the future needs, in the highly energy depleting situation. The search for alternative resources is intensive and one of them, electric cars were a success, but its demarcation line was the inadequacy for a long drive and difficulty for frequent recharges. Hybrid cars were a split solution since it combines the benefits of both types of cars.Now, most of the hybrid cars use the engine that work in combination of petrol and electricity. Hybrid cars are lots appreciated by the experts because of its energy efficiency. As the car has two energy sources, the car allow for in effect, use up only cut energy and the most beneficial attribute is that the batteries in the car for galvanising transmission leave be spontaneously charged, along with the working of the car. However, the success of the hybrid cars among the motorists relies on mainly on its performance on the road. disrespect of the great fear, whether the new car could give out the performance as of a conventional car, hybrid car gave out adequate performance, with aid of its sophisticated technology and aerodynamic design. The good of hybrid cars for the society was proved, when Government adopted particular measures for its promotion. Now, as part of its preferred usage, valuate credits are available, which are changed yearly, according to the dominate securities industry conditions. Government was impressed with the two important advantages such as improved mileage and reduced tailpipe emissions, which preempt attribute low environmental pollution and reduced non renewable fuel consumption.Now many companies such as Toyota, fording, Honda and Lexus are competing in the market place of hybrid cars with their latest versions. Any how, a comparison of different models is advised before the purchase. Hybrid cars are thus the present phase of car industry. The advancements are going on continuously in its fuel option and structure, to persist it to a future car, and motorists are looking forward to the best out of it. ? History of Hybrid Vehicles The history of hybrid cars dates back to the late 1800s and 1900s. In 1905, Mr.H Piper filed a patent for a gasoline engine-electric motor powertrain. According to him, the electric motor would augment a gasoline engine, allowing a vehicle to accelerate from zero to 25 miles an hour in 10 seconds, much faster than the gasoline engines of that time. Ironically, when finally Mr. H Piper was granted the patent a few years later, normal engines were resourceful of producing the same kind of acceleration. Due to rapid advancements in the gasoline engine, the popularity of a hybrid car slowly lessened untill again in the early to mid 1970s, the time of embrocate crisis.Many companies poured funds to build experimental Hybrid Electric Vehicles. just as the oil became available again, the surge for HEVs died rarify immediately. The Europeans and Japanese researching on lessen production appeals and making HEVs more salable. Companies like Toyota, Honda, Volkswagen, Mitsubishi came up with ways to reduce emissions and better the mileage. Toyota introduced the Prius in 1997 (in Japan and in 2000 in the US) which proved to be a huge success. Recent sales figures indicate that well over 300,000 units of Toyota Prius have been exchange the world over justifying the concept of a clean family car.In 1999, Honda introduced its first production hybrid car, the Insight and then the Civic Hybrid in 2002. get across came up with the first hybrid SUV, the Escape, which hit the road in 2004. Quick on their path are several other contestants such as widget with their hybrid pickup, the Ram, and chevrolets Silverado. ? How Hybrid Cars Work? Hybrid Cars integrate the power of the conventional gasoline engine with that of an electric motor. A high powered stamp battery bu ndle up provides energy to the motor which itself gets recharged when the car is decelerating. This is called as regenerative braking.The gas engine raft as well as assist the battery in recharging. This kills the need to plug the car to an remote source of energy. As of now, there are two types of hybrid vehicles. In one type, the electric motor acts as a side-kick to the gas engine, assisting it whenever surplus power is needed. The electric motor alone is incapable of independently operating(a) the vehicle. Hondas Power Assist technology in its hybrids, Civic and Insight is an example. Such vehicles are termed as Mild Hybrids. In round the bend hybrids, the gasoline engine provides the main source of power, and the electric motor provides superfluous power whenever needed.The second type of hybrid can be termed as a Full Hybrid, where the gasoline engine and the electric motor can operate the vehicle saperately. In this type, the electric motor can drive the vehicle at lower hies. In need of more speed, the gasoline engine kicks in. The Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape implement the same techonology. Be it mild hybrids or full hybrids, both are capable of providing lower emissions and better fuel efficiency. The Internal-Combustion Engines (both gasoline and diesel) installed in Hybrid cars are often smaller than those in normal cars for a simple reason that Hybrids have the electric motor for assistance.The motor can wee care of city travel which poses stop and go conditions as well as power-consuming add-ons such as the A/C or power-windows and power-steering. At high speeds, the gasoline engine supplies power. This switching of power sources is estimator controled and nothing needs to be manually done. Power to the electric motor comes from the battery-pack. Recharging of the battery is automatic and need not be done by extraneous sources. When the car is in uniform motion or when it is decelerating, it generates power which charges the batteries which utilises the valuable kinetic energy.As with any other battery, the Hybrid car battery excessively has a limited life span. Auto makers however, put the battery life at around 200,000 miles which roughly comes around to 7-8 years, depending on the kind of travel it endures. Thus, It pays to take extra care of your vehicle and travel when necessary. ? Hybrid Car Technology With the prices of gasoline and fuel always on the increase, car manufacturers have today piece a new form of car technology that is fuel efficient and low in pollution.This technology is called the hybrid car technology where the cars have a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) found in the vehicle, along with some fuel propulsion source. Hybrid cars dont produce much pollution and consumes minimal fuel and its different propulsion systems have either common parts or systems. Hybrid cars are generally designated to vehicles running on a combination of petroleum and electricity. These vehicles are cal led hybrid-electric vehicles where electric cells are used to power electric engines, along with an internal combustion engine.The advantage of these cars is that they sort of keep their battery charge through the kinetic energy they catch in regenerative braking. Moreover when such cars cruise, or move on a small thrust, the combustion engine generates energy with the running of a second electric motor. This is done to either recharge the battery or to provide energy to the motor for impetuous the car. This is unlike the conventional electrical cars where they avail of their battery charge through external sources like the grid.Today, most of the hybrid cars run on either gasoline or diesel as their main energy source while there are some cases where other fuels like ethanol or limit based oils are used too. There are also some cars that use hydrogen fuel. sometimes, hybrid cars are also referred to the cars that are flexible-fuel vehicles where they run on a combination of dif ferent fuels like gasoline and ethanol alcohol fuel. The main reason people prefer to use hybrid cars is because of its hybrid technology of a combination of technologies. With this, a lot of gas fuel is saved which is of course, beneficial to the car buyer.With the passage of time, hybrid car technology has improved in the different hybrid cars. This is because with time, hybrid cars have also become popular and the manufacturers have been working on more means to make the car more feasible to the prospective car buyer. With hybrid car technology, the motion of the car is designed in such a way that the engines in these cars have a smaller size that is used when drifting and driving leisurely. It is usually the battery source that provides the additional power like going uphill or accelerating whenever needed.To fit things, when the hybrid car is stopped, the hybrid fuel engine gets switched off to run off the electric motor. Hybrid cars are built lighter and are designed more aer odynamically for better speed. And its tires are usually stiffer and have a higher inflation so that the drag of the car is reduced. So it can be seen that with hybrid car technology, a car has become more efficient. Though the rates of these cars may initially be a bit high, they are very much worth it in the long run during its lifespan. ? Hybrid Car Pro and Cons.The pros and cons of hybrid car is one of the widely discussed topics since hybrid car is a dilute among the new generation vehicles. Hybrid car is the type of car, which utilizes two different energy sources to meet the energy requirement. Even though the hybrid technology was prevailing for many purposes such as train engines and submarines, its well-liked use among the people was begun only with the incorporation of the idea in the motor vehicles. Hybrid car became soon evaluate among the customers, however, its increased popularity arise the need for a cross analysis since it is a fact that every factor will have tw o sides.? Pros of Hybrid Vehicles Hybrid cars carry with them a bundle of advantages. o Hybrids combine clean energy of the electrical motor with the power of the gas-powered engine which results into lower emissions and better mileage. o thank to the ever improving technology, hybrids perform at par with the normal ga-powered vehicles, if not better. o Hybrids are reliable and comfortable as any traditional car and they have a tax benefits(only till 2006). o There are purchase incentives for Hybrid vehicle owners (varies by state). o Hybrids are much unsullied cars than normal vehicles with lesser CO and other greenhouse gas emissions.o Hybrids provide a better mileage. o The future for hybrids looks bright with rapid developments in hybrid technology to improve engine efficiency. o Due to the Regenerative Braking technology, the batteries need not be charged by an external source. o o additional warranties are provided for the battery pack, the electric motor other costly items. o Hybrids help reduce the dependency on fossil fuels which directely affects fuel prices. Hybrid cars are often refereed to as the car of the era. The unique advantages of the hybrid car will be sole basis for such recognition in the market.The motor industry was always in the effort to develop most beneficial model and the disadvantages of the conventional model might be the triggering factor for the formation of preferential models. Usually, anything to be considered as advantageous will make benefit only to its owner, and to the maximum, the family of the owner. The specialty of the hybrid car enhances in this situation since its advantages can attribute benefit to not only the owner or his family, but to the entire society, nation and the mankind. The advantages of the hybrid car start right from its difference in the basic pattern.Hybrid car is type of car that utilizes two energy sources for its movement. The popular hybrid cars in the market are manufactured in such a fash ion to combine the benefits of an internal combustion engine and electrical motor. The shortening level of gasoline in the world as it is a non-renewable energy was the major drawback of the conventional cars, which was rectified in the electrical cars, but it also had its own disadvantages. The advantage of the hybrid car is that it can rectify the complaints in the both systems and balances the use of electrical energy and gasoline engine, in their optimum levels.In the hybrid car, the electrical energy is used while starting up of the car and its low speed ranges, which will help to impart a check to the tail pipe emissions. As the automobiles is increasing, world is at the threat of toxic pollutants and global warming, due to their resign ingredients. The decrease in the tail pipe emission will be a great advantage for the environment as well as the society. However, gasoline engine will take up the transmission, when the speed goes up since, it is essential to attribute the pa ce for the drive.While the traffic stops and steep slopes the electrical energy will be again activated, which will help to reduce the gasoline utilization. The aerodynamic design, lighter materials and smoother tyre will help for better energy consumption. The striking technological advantage of the hybrid car is that the energy loss, while braking is re-channeled for the electrical battery charging, called as regenerative braking, and a separate energy for battery charging is not required. The advantages of the hybrid car are multifaceted since it attributes economical, technical and economical benefits.Despite of the owner, the country as well as, is benefited from the gasoline saving as the oil prices are steeping very high, and its effects the countrys whole economy. This advantage is also a benefit to the customer as government has decided to give decreases and tax credits for the hybrid car buying. In addition to Federal exemption certain states also provide local exemptions to promote the use of hybrid car. Hybrid car is thus an advantageous car, which helps to over come much of the crisis related to the motor world. ? Disdvantages Of Hybrid Cars Hybrid cars, though useful, have some disadvantages.The point to be noted here is that the advantages far exceed the disadvantages. o High cost hybrids cost anywhere from $2,000 to $5,000 more their non-Hybrid versions. o More weight due to battery packs. o Some states charge additional fees for registration. o In the event of an unfortunate accident, there is a risk of exposure to high voltage wires. o They have a complicated system which needs to be taken care of by experienced mechanics only. o Spare parts peradventure hard to find and may be costly. o Usually, hybrids have a lower acceleration than that their normal counterparts.II. INDUSTRY PROFILE ? HYBRID TECHNOLOGY IN INDIAN AUTOMOBILE (CAR) INDUSTRY ? INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY AN OVERVIEW The manufacturing of automobiles commenced in India 60 years ago, since then, the journey of the Indian Automotive industry can be classified into three main phases. Touching upon them briefly The first phase till mid 1980s could be termed as one of protection for the Indian self-propelling industry. There were restrictions on the manufacturing and import of automobiles and the Indian automobile market was a sellers market.The second phase, post 1991, could be termed as a phase of liberalization as the Indian automotive market was the beneficiary of the opening up of Indias economy. This phase was marked by the entry of foreign automobile players and increase in the availability of automotive financing. The Indian automotive market became a buyers market during this phase. Coinciding with the second rock of liberalization, the third phase from early 2000 till date could be termed as a phase of globalization of the Indian automotive industry.This phase has been marked by the removal of most import controls, entry of many more foreign playe rs in the Indian automotive market and Indian companies gaining a global indistinguishability and acquiring foreign companies. The year 2008 is an important year for the Indian automobile industry. Today, the Indian automobile industry is stratified first in the world in the production of three wheelers, second in the production of two wheelers, fourth in the production of commercial vehicles and ninth in the production of passenger vehicles.With a production of nearly 10. 8 million vehicles in FY07-08, the Indian automotive industry has shown an outstanding resilience after the last down cycle about a decade back. In the last few years, the Indian automotive industry has grown at a healthy rate by reducing costs and improving efficiency. With its new found confidence, it has gone beyond the shores of India and is creating a noteworthy footprint in different geographies in the world.The Indian automotive market with a healthy growth rate of 13% in the last 7 years was a source of a ttraction to many foreign automobile companies whose entry in the Indian market not only increased competition, but also raised customer expectations about product quality and reliability. This obligate the Indian companies to introduce new and interesting products and innovation has now become a noteable feature of the Indian automotive industry.The innovation story of the Indian automotive industry would not be complete without mentioning the NANO, which has evoked worldwide interest, curiosity and confidence in the competency of Indian talent. It has not only brought the automobile industry, but also India into focus. The NANO and other similar products have the potential to change the paradigm of the automotive industry worldwide. To maintain a high rate of growth, retain the attractive feature of the Indian market and to further enhance competitiveness in the market place, the Indian automotive industry has been working in a collaborative panache with the government and has d rafted an Automotive Mission Plan 2006-16.Some of the key initiatives which have been pursued as per the Automotive Mission Plan include Establishment of home(a) Automotive Testing and RD Infrastructure development Project (NATRIP) Initiatives for creation and fulfillment of automotive demand Initiatives towards the betterment of society and the environment, and Initiatives to become a catalyst for generating an additional 25 million jobs. In the last five years, sales in non-homogeneous segments of the Indian automobile market have grown at a healthy rate of 15% to 27 %.This growth provided encouragement to various players and nearly Rs 78,000 crores of investment has been planned, out of which more than 50% has already been committed. However, today the Indian automotive industry is facing unprecedented challenges. On one hand, demand is shrinking because of the lack of availability of consumer finance, high interest rates and the high cost of fuel, and on the other, cost of input materials has witnessed massive increases. e. g. in the last two years, steel price has increased by almost 40%, copper prices are up by 45%, natural rubber has risen by 40% .The impact of steel price increase alone on various segments of automobiles is quite significant. These factors are having a catastrophic impact on the bottom line of the Indian automotive industry and are resulting in withdrawal, scaling down or deferment of capital investment which would hurt the objectives of the Automotive Mission Plan in the long run. Two other long term challenges are faced by the Indian automotive industry. The first one is climate change due to global warming which would have an impact on all. plowshare of carbon dioxide emissions giving rise to global warming by various sectors are Public Electricity and Heat Production 53% Manufacturing Industries Construction21% Internal merchant marine (Road,rail,air)12% Others14% (Source International Energy Agency-2005 Report based on 20 01 data for India) Reduction in carbon dioxide emission would require a holistic and an integrated approach. However, the automotive industry is aware of its 10% contribution and is conscious and determined to pursue initiatives to reduce the same.This could be implemented by adopting an integrated and a partnership approach. Some of the initiatives that would reduce carbon dioxide emissions include introduction of new and more fuel efficient vehicles, a mandatory inspection and maintenance regime, the removal of old vehicles as they contribute to a larger portion of carbon dioxide emissions, efficient traffic management, use of alternative fuels like CNG, LPG, bio-diesel etc and the introduction of electric vehicles / hybrid.The second challenge which the Indian automotive industry is facing today is in attracting and nurturing talented manpower not only for the creation of better and reliable products but also for go and maintenance throughout the life cycle of the product. More than 60% of the additional 25 million jobs that is projected to get created as per the Automotive Mission Plan, would be in the skilled category. ? INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY AND HYBRID TECHNOLOGY pic ? WHY HYBRIDS IN INDIA pic pic pic CONCLUSION pic III. COMPANIES PROFILEHybrid technology has become a latest trend in the automotive industry. There are a number of companies which have adopted this technology. The list of the companies which have launched their hybrid vehicles are ? TATA ? Hyundai ? Honda ? Mahindra Mahindra ? Ford ? Toyota ? BMW ? Nissan moves A brief profile of these companies and their hybrid car versions are discussed in the following pages pic ? play along OVERVIEW The Hyundai Motor Company, a division of the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, is South Koreas largest and the worlds fifth largest automaker in terms of units sold per year.Headquartered in Seoul, Hyundai operates the worlds largest integrated automobile manufacturing facility in Ulsan, which is capab le of producing 1. 6 million units annually. The Hyundai logo, a slanted, stylized H, is state to be symbolic of two people (the company and customer) shaking hands. In 1998, after a trouble in the Korean auto industry caused by overambitious expansion and the Asian financial crisis, Hyundai acquired rival Kia Motors. In 2000, the company established a strategic alliance with DaimlerChrysler and severed its partnership with the Hyundai Group. In 2001, the Daimler-Hyundai Truck Corporation was formed.In 2004, however, DaimlerChrysler divested its interest in the company by selling its 10. 5 part carry for $900 million. Hyundai has invested in manufacturing plants in the North America, China, Pakistan, India, and Turkey as well as research and development centers in Europe, North America, and Japan. In 2004, Hyundai Motor Company had $57. 2 billion in sales in South Korea making it the countrys second largest corporation, or chaebol. Worldwide sales in 2005 reached 2,533,695 units, an 11 percent increase over the previous year. Hyundai has set as its 2006 target worldwide sales of 2.7 million units (excluding exports of CKD kits). Hyundai motor vehicles are sold in 193 countries through some 5,000 dealerships and showrooms. After a recent survey of global automotive sales by Automotive News, Hyundai is now the tenth largest automaker in the world in 2007. 5 Hyundai Motor Companys brand power continues to rise as it was ranked 72nd in the 2007 Best Global Brands by Interbrand and Business week survey. Brand value estimated at $4. 5 billion. Public perception of the Hyundai brand has been transformed as a result of dramatic improvements in the quality of Hyundai vehicles.? HYBRIDS IN HYUNDAI Hyundai plans to begin producing hybrid electric vehicles in 2009. The Avante will be the first vehicle to be produced. Since 2004, Hyundai has supplied about 3,000 hybrid versions of its Getz and Accent small cars to government fleets as part of a testing program. The aut omaker cites a lack of local tax benefits for purchasing hybrids as a barrier to its hybrid development program. But Hyundai expects the tax situation to change in 2009. The new hybrid electric Sonata will make its debut at the Los Angeles International Auto Show in November 2008.Hyundai expects to release it in the U. S. market in 2010, featuring lithium-ion battery technology ? HYUNDAI HYBRIDS IN INDIA Hyundai is getting increasingly aggressive these days. If Genesis sedan assault wasnt enough, Hyundai is now sternly looking at another Japanese stronghold, the Hybrids. The company is planning to go full steam in developing its own hybrid technology. The company will start off with the hybrid variants of Accent, Sonata and Avante sedan while the research and development center in India will be given the go ahead to develop the technology for small cars.Currently, Hyundai provides Verna (Accent) hybrid models to government agencies as pilot projects. The plan is to expand the line- up to mid-sized sedans and beyond for mass production, starting from 2009. Seok San Jang, a senior vice death chair for Hyundais international business operations saysWe have been slow in the field so far but have aggressive plans given the fact that high oil prices have made hybrids almost a necessity now. From next year, we will sell hybrid cars in Korea and by 2010 we will be selling them all over the world, India is our hub for small cars and hybrids for smaller cars will also eventually come from there. ? HYUNDAI HYBRID MODELS pic pic HYUNDAI ACCENT HYUNDAI GETZ pic ? COMPANY OVERVIEW Tata Motors Limited, formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company), is a multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai, India. It is Indias largest passenger automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturing company. Part of the Tata Group, and one of the worlds largest manufacturers of commercial vehicles. The OICA ranked it as the worlds 20th largest automaker, based on figures for 2006. Tata Motors was established in 1945, when the company began manufacturing locomotives.The company manufactured its first commercial vehicle in 1954 in collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG, which ended in 1969. Tata Motors was listed on the NYSE in 2004, and by 2005 it was ranked among the top 10 corporations in India with an annual revenue exceeding INR 320 billion. In 2004, it bought Daewoos truck manufacturing unit, now known as Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle, in South Korea. It also, acquired a 21% stake in Hispano Carrocera SA, giving it controlling rights in the company. Tata Motors launched their much wait Tata Nano, noted for its Rs 100,000 price-tag, in January 2008.In March 2008, it finalised a deal with Ford Motor Company to acquire their British Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) business, which also includes the Rover, Daimler and Lanchester brand names. The purchase was completed on 2 June 2008 Tata Motors has its manufacturing base in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Luck now, Ahmedabad and Pune. ? HYBRIDS IN TATA The worlds cheapest car, Tata Nano, may also turn out to be worlds cheapest hybrid version as well. Tata Motors intends to offer micro-hybrid version of Tata Nano with micro-hybrid technology that allows the vehicle to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by up to 10 percent.According to a leading Indian news channel, Bosch shall provide the micro-hybrid technology to Nano also known as Start-Stop System. This system allows the engine to automatically turn off when the vehicle is not moving. This additional technology may cost another Rs. 4000 to Rs. 6000 to the overall cost but this technology is definitely the cheapest hybrid technology most suitable for the worlds cheapest car. Most of the countries around the world are getting stricter with fuel consumption and emission norms including Europe and the US.This micro-hybrid technology can b deployed to the vehicles at much lower cost than full hybrid systems. The micro-hybrid technology w ill also be available in diesel and electric variants of Nano. pic TATA NANO pic ? COMPANY OVERVIEW Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW), (English Bavarian Motor Works) is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916. It also produces motorcycles, is the owner of the MINI brand and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. ? HYBRIDS IN BMW ? BMW H6 ACTIVE HYBRIDBMW ActiveHybrid is a particular highlight of BMW EfficientDynamics, BMWs trendsetting development strategy for todays world. Introducing this technology, BMW is taking the next step in the ongoing reduction of fuel consumption and emissions. BMW ActiveHybrid is based on a modular concept following the strategy of Best of Hybrid to integrate the most appropriate, optimum components in each case in different concepts. The concept is running a new BMW drivetrain that integrates the batteries, electronics systems and power inverter all within the transmission.Compared with the non-hybrid model, the new Activ e Hybrid is said to improve fuel-economy by up to 20%. The two-mode hybrid system, co-developed with General Motors and DaimlerChrysler, uses twin electric motors which can either be used to boost acceleration, charge the batteries or as a generator to mutually power each other. The two-mode active transmission is based on an ECVT electrical continuously variable transmission. The two operating modes, one of which has been optimised for low, the other for high speeds, are supplemented by fixed transmission ratios.Fitting in with BMWs new EfficientDynamics focus, the modular hybrid system can be easily adapted to other models and should make its way across more cars in coming years. pic BMW X6 ACTIVE HYBRID ? BMW DIESEL X5 HYBRID version BMW will be presenting a new eco-friendly concept touting the latest in EfficientDynamics technology at the upcoming Geneva Motor Show. BMW has given a house trailer of the upcoming concept, a twin-turbo diesel X5 with a hybrid system. As has been t he trend in Europe of late, carmakers are developing ultra-efficient hybrid models by combining stinting diesel engines with electric powertrains.BMW X5 SUV is fitted with a 2. 0L turbodiesel and the carmakers mild ActiveHybrid technology plus an eight-speed automatic gearbox and even roof-mounted solar panels. All of these technologies combine to suffer the best fuel economy and lowest emissions of any fullsize SUV currently on sale. The BMW Vision EfficientDynamics delivers 43. 5mpg on the combined cycle and just 172g/km of CO2 emissions. Despite its green credentials, the X5 ActiveHybrid is no slouch. Output from the diesel stands at 204hp and 400Nm of torque, and the hybrid systems adds a further 20hp and 210Nm of torque under acceleration.

Alicia My Story, Book Summary Essay Example for Free

Alicia My Story, Book Summary EssayThe main character in this story is a Jewish girl named Alicia. When the harbor starts she is ten years old, she lives in the Polish town of Buczacz with her four blood br others, Moshe, Zachary, Bunio, and Herzl, and her mother and engender . The holocaust experience began subtly at first when the Russians began to occupy Buczacz. When her brother Moshe was killed at a Boys School in Russia and her father was gathered up by German authorities, the reality of the whole situation quickly became very real. Her father was taken apart shortly after the Russians had moved out and the Germans began to occupy Buczacz.Once the Germans occupied, they moved the Jewish population of Buczacz into mass ghettos. Alicia and the rest of her family had to share a house with several other families which had also been driven out of there homes. The only source of income in this situation was to sell things at the marketplace, and even there, Jews were forbid den. Alicia went in any event and sold what she could for feed and money. One day her brother Bunio disappeared from the ghetto. Alicia and her family put up out later that he had been taken to a work camp, and that they could send food packages to him.Shortly after this, Alicia was taken into custody by German officials and put on a train to another work camp. Alicia managed to escape from this train by jumping through a sm every window. She found her way to a river which led her back to the ghetto. By this time several people in the ghetto had been picture the effects of the imp all overished conditions. Starvation, Typhoid, and other diseases, were beginning to take its toll on the people who lived in the ghetto. Then one day, Alicia found out that her brother Bunio had been killed in the work camp. A boy had escaped so they lined up all the boys and shot every fourth one.As time progressed, Alicia began assuming more than responsibility for the daily tasks of the family suc h as going out and trading for more food in places other than the marketplace. While this was going on, Zachary and a a couple of(prenominal) other boys from the ghetto had been forming a sort of resistance. One day Alicia was informed that her brother had been hanged. After Zacharys death, Alicia was be adorered by a woman named Bella. She met many good friends in the ghetto including a future friend as well as savior, Milek . Months later, Alicia and several other people were rounded up and sent to a prison in Chortkov. here(predicate) the conditions were very poor. Every day more and more people were taken out and shot. On the inside of the cells it was a cesspool of germs and diseases. Every morning the jailkeepers would go around the cell and kick people to see if they were still alive. One of these times Alicia was taken for dead and put onto a wagon with other bodies. The number one wood of the wagon found her, nursed her back to better health and then brought her back to t he ghetto. During this time, before, and after she returned to the ghetto attempts to rid the ghettos of Jews were called actions.To escape being caught by the German natural law who took part in the actions, they built large bunkers to hide from their captors. After several of these actions, the Buczacz ghetto had been emptied by more than half. At this point the time came to move to a impudently ghetto. Alicia had been in this new ghetto only a short time when another action occurred. This time Alicia was captured and brought to a mass grave with a multitude of other Jews. Just when Alicia was about to be shot Milek took a gun from one of the shooters and began shooting other officers. Alicia took advantage of this opportunity, as she had many others, and ran for her life.She ran fast and far until she found herself coming into a town which was surrounded with tilled field. She discovered she could work in exchange for a small amount of food. She worked hard in these fields and was able to let her mother in Buczacz know that she was safe. Alicia was reunited with her mother and they returned to this community where they lived for about a year. She also found out that her youngest brother Herzl had been taken forward and killed Alicia would work at these fields and get food, she would bring some back to her mother who, because of poor health, was resting in seclusion most of the day..One day they met a nice old man that was sort of an outcast from the rest of the community. He let them stay with him and another Jewish family that he was taking care of in his shack. They stayed here during the winter while Alicia still searched for food, in the process, making many friends. News came one day that the Germans were beginning to fall back from the Russian fronts and Germanys captivate on the Jews in Poland was weakening. This news made Alicia and her mother move away from the old man who helped them. Alicia and her mother had formed a very close familiarity with the kindly man.When Alicia and her mother arrived in Buczacz they moved into a regular apartment and began to live a semi-normal life. It was not long after Alicia had moved back into Buczacz that the Germans took over the town again. In this raid on the Jews, Alicias mother was killed by the Germans. Alicia was taken to another prison where she would later be transported to another mass grave. While she was waiting, she devised a plan to escape the mass grave by running down a hillside and into a river. When they were lined up to be shot she ran to the river.She hid there all night and once again she had escaped the Germans. As she made her way back, she became friends with a group Russian Jews who were fighting with the Russians. She even earned a ornamentation from them because she had helped a number of them escape from a prison cell. Her bravery was not overlooked. Returning to Buczacz she found that there wasnt much left for her there, so she moved away with a person to a nearby town. She was in this town less than a few hours when her and her friend were taken into custody by the Russian police.What had happened was that her friend was suspected of selling things in the black market ( which she was ) and the police wanted to find out who was buying things from her. Over a span of 8 months they were unploughed but finally they were released. They received a lot of money from people that had been saved by their withholding of evidence. Alicia and her friend took this money and bought a train tag end to Lodz. They were stopped in Lvov because they went to get some tea while stopped at a station, but the train took off without them and they left all of their retention on the train. Next they boarded a train to Krakow, and parted ways there.In Krakow, Alicia was staying at a rather large house with another family. She built a sort of orphanage by gathering up homeless children from the neighborhood. She lived with this family for a long time, and du ring this time she learned about a way that she could go to Eretz Island, Israel where she could be safe. She left her orphanage and went on a long journey where she met many people that were like her, in that she didnt like to see people suffer. Alicia made it to Israel but was taken by British border patrol officers to a jail on Cypress for coming into the country illegally. She was then released from Cyprus.

Understanding Of Sociological Concepts And Theories Sociology Essay

Understanding Of Sociological Concepts And Theories Sociology Es takeThis essay will demonstrate the knowledge and collar of sociological concepts and theories related to wellness, illness and wellness care. It will also look and explain the historical and contemporary patterns of inequality in health and illness. It will also critically discuss why some state are healthier than others. It will also Discuss insight of sociological methods of research discovery and evaluate the germane(predicate) data.Sociology of health is the study between different ethnic groups and individuals in human society. The twentieth century has witnessed a rise in life expectancy for people that live in industrialized countries compared to other parts of the world the standards of health and wellbeing are quite high. Research has shown that certain groups of people tend to applaud a much healthier life style than others. Theses health inequalities appear to be in the larger socioeconomic patterns. Soc iologists have attempted to explain the standoff between health and the variation in tender clan, gender, race, get along and location (Giddens 2001).Research on class and health has shown a pattern between conclusion and illness and an individuals social class. There have been two nationwide studies on health in the United Kingdom one of theses being The Black study in 1980 (Giddens 2001). The Black Report, was commissioned by the government to look at data on health inequalities and to make recommendation for policy and research, which focused for the most part on materialist explanation of health inequality. The report emphasised the need for an all- inclusive anti-poverty policy and for improvement in education in order to reduce health inequalities (Macintyre 1997).Studies show that poverty plenty be bad for your health. Areas of the country with above average numbers of people dying young, that is before 65, are generally shortsighted urban areas. Glasgow, London and many of the biggest cities in the North of England stand out in particular. Suicide rates amongst young men are four clock higher amongst those with no known occupation compared to those in Social Class 1. People on low incomes are more likely to suffer episodes of honorable depression. (BBC News 1999)In a speech on 27 March 1977 the then Secretary of State for Social Services verbalize.. The crude differences in mortality rates between the various social classes are worrying. To take the extreme example, in 1971 the death rate for adult men in social class V (unskilled workers) was nearly double that of adult men in social class I (professional workers) even when account has been taken of the different age structure of the 2 classes. When you look at death rates for specific diseases the gap is even wider. For examples for tuberculosis the death rate in social class V is 10 time that for social class I for bronchitis it was 5 times as high and for lung cancer and stomach cancer 3 times as high. Social class differences in mortality begin at birth. In 1971 neo-natal death rates deaths within the first month of life were twice as high for the children of fathers in social class V as they were in social class I. Death rates for the post-neo-natal period from one month up to one year were nearly 5 times higher in social class V than in social class I The first step towards remedial action is to put together what is already known about the problem it is a major challenge for the next 10 or more years to try to narrow the gap in health standards between different social classes.Many cultures have different health and cultural beliefs such as in the Asian ethnic groups believe that the extended family have influence on individuals the oldest male is the decision maker and spokesman.Stacy (1988) stated that various cultural social and economic factors all of which have their own roots in the eighteenth centuryBiomedical is one of the ways to understanding health and illness in the western cultures, provided also being accepted not only by doctors but also by no(prenominal) professional. There is general agreement among contributors that there are a number of important characteristics Nettleton (1995.5) describes some examples these being Mid - ashes dualism which is accepting that the mind and the body can be treated with two different things, Mechanical metaphor looks at the theory of which that the body is a machine, Biomedical is described as reductionist in that there are tendency to reduce all explanations to the physiological working of the body. All cultures have a known concept of physical health and illness, but most of what is recognized as medicine is a consequence of development in western society over the past three centuries. Premodern cultures, the family was the main debut coping with illness and disease. There have always been people who believe that you can be healed by different remedies such as physical and ma gical in the non- western cultures throughout the world (Giddens 2001).The Bio-medical model there are three main theorys on why the bio-medical model of health is predicted. foremost disease is seen as a breakdown within the human body that diverts it from its normal state of being The germ theory of disease, second is the mind and body are able to be treated separately and the third being doctors who have been trained and are experts in treating illness and disease (Giddens 2001). Critics to this model say that the effectiveness of scientific medicine overrated. In spite of the prestige that modern medicine has acquired, improvement in overall health can be attributed farthermost more too social and environmental changes than to medical skill. Effective sanitation, better nutrition and improved sewerage and hygiene were more influential particularly in reducing the rates of infant deaths and young people (Mc Keown 1979). Other critics like Ivan Illich (1976) states that modern m edicine has done more harm than good.

Matalan Architecture and Infrastructural Investigation

Matalan Architecture and Infrastructural InvestigationIntroduction to my Organisation BLAGI chose Matalan as my organisation to undertake my calculate on as it was the most convenient plectrum since I work there part time and know worked with a lot of the strategys they example catamenialy. Matalan is a well-established fashion retailer based in knowsley and has everyplace 200 broths across the U.K (Advameg, 2017). I decided to concentrate on a whiz terminus rather than the whole business as it would be besides complex and be hard to gather all(prenominal) the information due to the wide scale of the company and this branch is called Matalan Sefton an is located on switch island retail park which is one of the first original stemmas to open in the company. I decided that the warehousing was suitable store to function with the use of various engine room used and the architecture and infrastructural dust suggests that there was more than enough information that could b e gathered in order to write an in depth report on.Collection of informationBefore I started any writing of the report I made sure had permission to discuss Matalans information and explained it was for not non-profession use. I originally asked my manager which she agreed to participate. However, as Matalan are a nationwide company a lot of their IT is out sourced and the manager gave me the number of the IT department. I rang explained the speckle and organised a meeting at their head office in Knowsley lucky enough this is not too far away. I made a questionnaire and brought this to the meeting where I typed the answers and the information can be found in appendix. I dealwise discussed the stores information system infrastructure and was shown the companies system model moreover I had to create my own version of this and this can be found in the appendix 2. During the process of the report I was in constant forgather with my manager using verbal communication and any questio ns I needed to ask was solved by him this was particular useful for the type of hardware the store had as the meeting with head office was a brief overview of all the companies stores an werent specific.Report FindingsThe information gathered in this part is taken from appendixes 1, 23.1 hardware SoftwareThe store has company standard three HP desktop PCs all have windows 10 implemented to be able to run the latest software program to manage the store. Two of the desktops are located in the back office which are connected to the fax machine and shanghaier. Another desktop PC is situated at the guest services help desk which is the most up to date out of them all due to the refurbishment of the store they decided to supplant the previous(a) PC. This desktop PC is HP pavilion 23 q141in N4R49AA Desktop PC with central processing unit Speed of 2.2 GHz with 8GB of RAM this machine is used at the customer service desk and is used to search for delivers and return PayPal orders. T he other latest Desktop PC is HP Pavilion p6-2014 Desktop PC Product with processor speed of 2.1 GHz and 8 GB of RAM this is used for the overall management of the store and this is connected to the fax machine HP 2140 Fax. The oldest is HP Pavilion p6112p Desktop PC with 8 GB RAM and 1TB hard drive and this desktop is connected to the HP LaserJet P2035 mono printer which is a quite old machine in comparison with the rest of the hardware this is due the lack of use. On these Desktop PCs office 365 business is installed and is used to slide by by email, store data in the cloud and use the software available such as word, PowerPoint. Matalan use HP desktops as they have a good character for lasting long and have a few years warranty and have the necessary platforms them to run various software. The store also has three IP Phone devices all the same model called MiVoice 5330e which is used to exchange calls, voicemails and allow to hold the call.Matalan current use POS system called torex retail j this services allows the store to monitor transactions and stock levels, reports, manages the rota and manage the overall running of the store ect. (POSmatic Software, 2017) suggests that Point of Sale system is a connection with the hardware and software for checkouts where individuals conveying and place the items or products they have chosen to purchase from the location so that credit card processing could be more easily and securely integrated. This system saves the company time as doing it manual would take time. The system also captures details of the customers and stores them on their Matalan card and on the database, it shows what the customer has purchased on the card. For the till points Matalan also used the software peninsula for their barcodes and have installed their peninsula barcode scanners called Phoenix II on each till point to scan the barcodes of products and any promotion codes that is valid. This software stores all the current barcodes for all the products in the system with the price and recognised them once scanned.Another software Matalan uses is Numero which is used to create reports on the performance level of the store and espy different trends in the cut-rate sales. For example, it will record hourly and daily totals then create graphs where you can compare the figures to different times for instances what was the sales total for this day 1 year ago and compare whether the business is up or down. These reports are useful for head office as it allows them to compare all 217 stores and gives them an motif which ones need to improve.Matalan also uses Remote Pensoft to which is a payroll system that hosts the payrolls then Matalan can gain access to the system and processes the payroll. The system calculations the taxes for each individual from their issue insurance number.3.2 Operating systems conclusion TONIGHTAccording to (Capron, Mitchell, Swaminathan, 2001) An operating system is a order of programs that lies between applications software and computer hardware it is the fundamental software that controls access to all other software and hardware resources. Matalan use several computer systems as stated previous they use windows 10 on all desktop PCs as it run the necessary software the store needs to be able to run it successfully without any major problems. They also use this the manufacturer as they offer a graduate for all the product if something goes wrong. Matalan use torex retail j as their POS system to operating the till system and have had this system since 2013 and has served them well with not too many problems and if there is there is an on-call technician to combat any issues.3.3 Networking Facilities(Englander Engl, 2014) indicated that interlocking is an essential component of modern applied science infrastructure, providing the capability to interconnect devices to make it possible to share resources and services, to share and exchange data and knowledge and, e ven communicate. Matalan networking facilities is network connected online to the store emcee which is then for good connected through the Ethernet to the head office. Matalan network exchanges real time information from head office to the back-office system vice versa to maintain information for every single transaction processed, to be able to check current stock, check delivery date, and to able to keep up with the latest promotions across Matalan. This network is suitable for a huge company like Matalan which is important to have a good infrastructure as it connects all the stores to one place to distribute data and communicate fast.3.4 Security issues FINISH TONIGHT3.5 Legal Ethical Requirements BLAGData protectionpci complianceIt code of conductAs a company Matalan, must marry certain legislations with the importantly of the data they handle with certain penalties against the business if found not to be following. The company must follow the PCI compliance which (ControlSc an, 2017) states is a set of security standards designed to ensure that ALL companies that accept, process, store or transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment. Matalan must be follow this compliance within all their stores as they are held liable if the business fails to follow the strict legislation and would result in the company beingness fined or sanctioned. Matalan lack of security would damage the customers trust in the business however Matalan currently have a strong security defend. The security solvent has been invested in which is normally is issue when stores fail to follow due to the lack of budget.As Matalan store and use data they must follow the Data resistance Act which protects information held about people from being misused. According to Copyright, 2017, the Data Protection Act the information being stored must beObtained fairly and lawfullyUsed only for the purposes stated during collectionAdequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the intended useAccurate and up to date non kept for longer than necessaryProcessed in line with your rightsSubject to procedures to prevent unlawful processing, accidental loss, destruction and damage to personal data protected from transfer to an area outside the European Economic Area (EEA) unless adequate protection exists for that data3.6 Key AreasThe Key areas for the Matalan is their head office department this is where the server replies on its network. I found this out first hand as a couple of months ago I was working on the tills the whole network went down which affected the chip and pin machines and this lead to the whole companies stores not being able to process no transactions with cards. The stores only back up were to use the old manual card imprinters which is not a very effective way to trade as it was time consuming. This highlights the importantly of computer systems for organisations as they are heavily reliant on them and wouldnt be able to cope with the d emand.Systems DiagramMatalan current system infrastructure works effectively as it is fair and has good connectivity. However, I think the currently system should a back-up server in case anything goes wrong. This could be a network outside the company and in an emergency, there is that network to back it up which would decrease the chances of loss of earnings due to not being to complete sales.Strengths Weaknesses of the Organisations Computer Systems FINISH TINIGHTTechnological Strategies FINISH TINIGHTNew Emerging TechnologiesWhen we discussed new technology, we looked at rival retailers and what they had implemented. With most of the big companies have starting to use E receipts which is an electronic receipt that emailed to the costume designer once they have they purchased items. This is beneficial to not only the customer but the store itself as it saves money on printing and paper cost. It also allows Matalan to food market to customers and for the customer they are less likely to lose their receipts.Contactless is the latest technology hitting the high-street shops as it makes purchasing goods a lot easier and make transactions windy however Matalan havent yet implemented it into their stores but the manager stated that there has been talk of installing it this year across all store. A similar technology that could help the company sales is Apple/Android pay which is a digital wallet allowing safe payment by phone with finger print technology. This could increase sales as if the customer hasnt got any cash/card on them they could still purchase items and follows the same benefits as contactless.Matalan have a customer card system which the customer details are on the card allowing Matalan to market to the customer through email and send promotions. They have recently brought of a smartphone app called Matalan Reward Card App to replace the card, this has helped to promote offers by having the reward card on the app allowing the customer to see if they have any vouchers, alert customer if sale and update on the latest offers.Another form of technology Matalan could introduce to store is IPad and installed them to be able to order items into store for example large items like furniture as they only sell these on the website.ReferencesAdvameg. (2017). Matalan PLC company profile, information, business description, history, background information on Matalan PLC. Retrieved from http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/14/Matalan-PLC.htmlCapron, L., Mitchell, W., Swaminathan, A. (2001). Asset divestiture following horizontal acquisitions A dynamic view. Strategic guidance Journal, 22(9)Copyright. (2017, February 1). Data protection principles. Retrieved from https//ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/data-protection-principles/Englander, I., Engl, I. (2014). The architecture of computer hardware, systems software, networking An information technology approach (5th ed.). United States John Wiley Sons.POS matic, I., Software, P. (2017). Point of sale (POS). Retrieved from http//www.posmatic.com/point-of-sale/what-is-point-of-sale.phphttp//www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/LAN-DiagramsAppendicesAppendix A QuestionaireMatalan QuestionnaireWhat Hardware is available for the store? Including any specialised resources?3 desktopsPrinterFax machineWhat software is available for the store to use?Retail jRetail managerNumero softwarepeninsula softwareRemote Pensoft- payrollWindows proWebmailAre there any strategies for commissioning or underdeveloped new hardware or software resources?contactlessWhat Operating System(s) is available for the store to use?Retail java penWhy is this operating system chosen to be used in store?What networking facilities does the store have?Are there any security issues on the network? What security features do you have in place to prevent security issues?Are there any new technologies helping to benefit the store?What are the legal/ethical requirements for the store?Data protectionPCI complianceIt code of conduct10. How does Matalan benefit from utilising computer systems?Help tradeQuickerProductivity increaseIncrease salesManagementAppendix B Hardware Specifications

Pi :: essays research papers

In mathematics, Pi is the symbol de noning the ratio of the circumference of a roundabout to its diameter. The ratio is approximately 3.14159265, pi being an irrational number (one that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction or as a tenfold with a finite number of decimal places) and a transcendental number (one without continuously recurrent digits). Electronic computers in the late 20th snow have carried pi to more(prenominal) than 100,000,000 decimal places.Using a computer program, I calculated pi into 1000 decimals3.14159265 358979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510 5820974944 5923078164 0628620899 8628034825 3421170679 8214808651 3282306647 0938446095 5058223172 5359408128 4811174502 8410270193 8521105559 6446229489 5493038196 4428810975 6659334461 2847564823 3786783165 2712019091 4564856692 3460348610 4543266482 1339360726 0249141273 7245870066 0631558817 4881520920 9628292540 9171536436 7892590360 0113305305 4882046652 1384146951 9415116094 3305727036 5759591953 0 921861173 8193261179 3105118548 0744623799 6274956735 1885752724 8912279381 8301194912 9833673362 4406566430 8602139494 6395224737 1907021798 6094370277 0539217176 2931767523 8467481846 7669405132 0005681271 4526356082 7785771342 7577896091 7363717872 1468440901 2249534301 4654958537 1050792279 6892589235 4201995611 2129021960 8640344181 5981362977 4771309960 5187072113 4999999837 2978049951 0597317328 1609631859 5024459455 3469083026 4252230825 3344685035 2619311881 7101000313 7838752886 5875332083 8142061717 7669147303 5982534904 2875546873 1159562863 8823537875 9375195778 1857780532 1712268066 1300192787 6611195909 2164201989.Pi occurs in various numeral calculations. The circumference (c) of a turn can be determined by multiplying the diameter (d) by c = d. The area (A) of a circle is determined by the square of the radius (r) A = r2. Pi is applied to mathematical problems involving the lengths of arcs or other curves, the areas of ellipses, sectors, and other curved surfaces , and the volumes of solids. It is also used in various formulas of natural philosophy and engineering to describe much(prenominal) periodic phenomena as the motion of pendulums, the vibration of strings, and alternating electric currents.In very ancient times, 3 was used as the approximate value of pi, and not until Archimedes (3rd coke BC) does there seem to have been a scientific effort to compute it he reached a enrol analogous to about 3.14. A figure equivalent to 3.1416 dates from before AD 200. By the early 6th century Chinese and Indian mathematicians had independently confirmed or improved the number of decimal places. By the end of the 17th century in Europe, new methods of mathematical analysis provided various ways of calculating pi. first in the 20th century the Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan developed ways of calculating pi that were so efficient that they have been incorporated into computer algorithms, permitting expressions of pi in millions of digits.Pi essays research papers In mathematics, Pi is the symbol denoting the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The ratio is approximately 3.14159265, pi being an irrational number (one that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction or as a decimal with a finite number of decimal places) and a transcendental number (one without continuously recurrent digits). Electronic computers in the late 20th century have carried pi to more than 100,000,000 decimal places.Using a computer program, I calculated pi into 1000 decimals3.14159265 358979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510 5820974944 5923078164 0628620899 8628034825 3421170679 8214808651 3282306647 0938446095 5058223172 5359408128 4811174502 8410270193 8521105559 6446229489 5493038196 4428810975 6659334461 2847564823 3786783165 2712019091 4564856692 3460348610 4543266482 1339360726 0249141273 7245870066 0631558817 4881520920 9628292540 9171536436 7892590360 0113305305 4882046652 1384146951 9415116094 33057 27036 5759591953 0921861173 8193261179 3105118548 0744623799 6274956735 1885752724 8912279381 8301194912 9833673362 4406566430 8602139494 6395224737 1907021798 6094370277 0539217176 2931767523 8467481846 7669405132 0005681271 4526356082 7785771342 7577896091 7363717872 1468440901 2249534301 4654958537 1050792279 6892589235 4201995611 2129021960 8640344181 5981362977 4771309960 5187072113 4999999837 2978049951 0597317328 1609631859 5024459455 3469083026 4252230825 3344685035 2619311881 7101000313 7838752886 5875332083 8142061717 7669147303 5982534904 2875546873 1159562863 8823537875 9375195778 1857780532 1712268066 1300192787 6611195909 2164201989.Pi occurs in various mathematical calculations. The circumference (c) of a circle can be determined by multiplying the diameter (d) by c = d. The area (A) of a circle is determined by the square of the radius (r) A = r2. Pi is applied to mathematical problems involving the lengths of arcs or other curves, the areas of ellipses, sectors, an d other curved surfaces, and the volumes of solids. It is also used in various formulas of physics and engineering to describe such periodic phenomena as the motion of pendulums, the vibration of strings, and alternating electric currents.In very ancient times, 3 was used as the approximate value of pi, and not until Archimedes (3rd century BC) does there seem to have been a scientific effort to compute it he reached a figure equivalent to about 3.14. A figure equivalent to 3.1416 dates from before AD 200. By the early 6th century Chinese and Indian mathematicians had independently confirmed or improved the number of decimal places. By the end of the 17th century in Europe, new methods of mathematical analysis provided various ways of calculating pi. Early in the 20th century the Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan developed ways of calculating pi that were so efficient that they have been incorporated into computer algorithms, permitting expressions of pi in millions of digits.

Technology - Satellite Phones Save Lives :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Satellite Phones Save LivesSatellite phones are now becoming more main(prenominal) in many situations. Some such situations are on hunting trips in Alaska, backcountry hiking trips, overseas trips, etc. These phones read been popular for a while now, save fork up always been too big and heavy. Also, it is hard to gain a good signal to get out and make a call if in an emergency situation. The phones need to be reduced to the size of a small cell phone, and the signals need to be much stronger, allowing better service when it is most needed. The new, amend satellite phones could end up saving a persons life someday. Besides, improving the phone even more would be a great idea.In the yr 1905, my grandfather went on a trip to Alaska to go hunting, and after many days of hard hunting, he was sitting at his spike camp eating some dinner. Out of nowhere, a big grizzly appeared from the creek bottom and started to charge my grandfather. The bear must have been hungry because he mauled my grandfather and so started eating the left over food. My grandfather was badly injured and all he could do was lay there and wait for the outfitter to show back up for a check up on him in two days. My grandfather fought hard to stay alive, when finally, the plane showed up for help. He was then escorted back to a big city in Alaska, where he was admitted into a large hospital. The doctor said that if he would have gone one more day, he wouldnt have lived. This was a very scary and frightening moment in my familys life. Just think what a great asset a satellite phone would have been on that day. If he would have had a satellite phone, he could have called and been rescued a couple of days earlier. This would have prevented much of the infection that occurred in his body. He was never the same after this horrible accident.The next time that my family scheduled an Alaskan hunting adventure was in 1999, and I was going along. The account about my grandfather was told to me many t imes, and it seemed to make me second guess myself a little I wasnt sure that I wanted to go. Although I had fear, I inflexible to go anyway. My family and I connected on a long flight from Denver to Anchorage, Alaska.